Month: October 2015

Real DX: The Mysterious Flicker of KIC 846

Artist's conception of a Dyson Sphere. Image Credit: Kevin Gill via Flickr CC By SA 2.0
Artist conception of a Dyson Sphere Alien Mega-structure

This story somehow seemed appropriate for Halloween. But it is for real (this is Halloween, not April 1!). The role of amateur scientists in this matter is especially interesting, as is the radio-astronomy follow-up. Stay tuned!

Si5351 — G4GXO says “Give it a go!”

Hi All,
Many of you will know of the low cost Si5351A programmable clock generator which can serve as a VFO with a remarkable range of 2.5kHz to 200MHz. This device is available from the larger industrial component suppliers such as RS for as little as £0.68 +VAT and is offered as a small PCB module with regulator and level converters from many amateur component suppliers for around £7.00. I bought a couple of the Adafruit modules to evaluate as the second conversion oscillator in a DSP IF system I’m developing and once I’d overcome the hurdle of writing the dsPIC33 software to drive the device I decided to test the unit as an HF VFO. My reason for doing this was to assess the phase noise of the si5351A; a quick Google will turn up many blogs and forum listings on this subject with mixed opinions of the suitability of this device for VFO service. With no direct method of measuring phase noise I decided to examine instead the impact of phase noise on receiver performance, after all it is this effect that will determine the suitability of the Si5351A as a VFO. My strategy was simple, I used the receiver section of my 60m SSB transceiver which is based upon the Eden IF (SPRAT 144) and uses one of the club 9MHz SSB filters. The front end mixer is a discrete diode ring made from two trifilar wound FT37-43 toroids and four 1N4148 silicon diodes. Unlike a schottky diode mixer this silicon switching diode version requires more drive to keep conversion loss down. The VFO is a low phase noise 7ppm Si570 running on the high side of the IF at 14MHz, a MMIC output stage delivers +10dBm of drive to the mixer. The Si5351A was compared directly to the Si570 – which is a known “very good” performer.
The test strategy was to measure the receiver Minimum Discernable Signal (MDS) at 5MHz with the Si570 and the Si5351A as the VFO. With no buffer stage to raise the 5dBm output of the Si5351A to match the +10dBm output of the Si570 VFO module, I accepted that this compromise would have some bearing on the results through increased mixer loss.
Results (14MHz oscillator drive, 2.2kHz IF bandwidth)
Si570 +10dBm output, MDS –122dBm (Well below noise from the antenna, perfectly acceptable for 60m!)
Si5351A +5dBm output, MDS –118dBm (Note, mixer drive 5dBm down!)
Some if not most of the 4dB difference in MDS is without doubt attributable to the lower drive power of the Si5351A in my test configuration, this is borne out by the AGC threshold which moved up by 4dB suggesting increased mixer loss. I’m confident that had I been able to match the +10dBm output of the Si570 then it would have been a close match. My conclusion is that for HF at least the Si5351A is a very useful oscillator which is easily applied and can deliver good performance. If you had doubts about using this device at HF I hope that these results encourage you to give it a go!
73 Ron G4GXO

Haunted by the Gong (Ooooo that’s Awesome!) Donald’s Knack Story


Bill:

First off thanks for the wonderful podcast. I only just discovered it and I have loaded as far back as I can go on my Phone. I have been listening to it every waking moment. Though I fear that even at one or 2 a month no amount of commuting, dishwashing or bathroom cleaning will allow me to catch up with you.

I so identify with your idea of the Knack. I was forever taking things apart, my mom had to remove anything that could be used as a tool from her home for my first few years as even at age 2 I was into clocks, cabinets and basically anything that wasn’t nailed down. Until your podcast I hadn’t even heard of the International Geophysical Year, but discovered I missed it by only 3 months being born in March of 59. I do think though that those of us that were even a little knackish were encouraged on our way by the Space program.

Even though I grew up in Canada, I was riveted to the TV for every space launch, touch down or space walk. Many of my first memories are watching grainy broadcasts from Gemini and then on to Apollo. Even now I stayed up to watch the Mars rover land those few years ago.

Radio was always a special interest for me from the First Short wave radio I got from my grand father. I remember discovering WWV, BBC VOA and the Netherlands english language programming. This of course launched me into a frenzy of stringing wires higher and higher much to the chagrin of my parents. My poor dad that was an arts major didn’t know what to think of me.

I’d always wanted to get in to ham radio but the code requirement held me back. My dyslexia kicked me really bad. I had the little tapes from radio shack and I’d work and work but got no where. So i resolved myself to just shortwave listening.

I was laughing when you talked about your relationship with Regenerative Radios as one of the first radio projects I built was the “Science Fair Globe Parol Regenerative Radio” From radio shack. Here is a link to the thing http://www.ohio.edu/people/postr/bapix/rsglobep.htm I still have it at my mom’s house. The last time I put batteries in it it would at least get WWV. Which is no small feet when you realize I built it with one of those Weller Soldering Guns that you could reseal canned goods with. I’m sure if I opened it up now there’d be blobs of solder the size of Cicada’s in there.

I was just listening to Episode 147 where you were talking about the All American 5 tube radio. I must have tore down 20 of those things as a kid. Your Right they were dangerous as anything you could get. Most of them the chassis was hot if the plug was in wrong and there wasn’t like a fuse or any safety equipment in there to stop you from hurting yourself. Yes they were cheep and made so without a transformer, and all the tube heaters in series with the panel bulb for a bit of protection to prevent a surge on power up. But one other feature they had was that when they were originally produced there was still some DC mains power around and they would run if you put in the Plug the right way. My old electronics teacher claimed that you could run them off 3 45 volt batters on the Farm in a pinch. Though 19 40’s battery technology I’m not sure if that was a practical solution. Though In High School that’s what we had to learn. Learned to tune, debug and repair those puppies.

After high School I went into the phone company and later made my way as a lot of us Knackish people in to the computer/software industry. And low and behold after about 30 years they dropped the Code requirement and now living in the States I went out and finally got a license.

I just wish I had found your podcast sooner as I would have done things a little differently. However I have managed to do some serious kit building. I have built two TNC’s, one for the beaglebone and one for the Pie. I have built one softrock receiver and another Softrock emsamble RXTX that I’m just trying to figure out how to make work. I also built though it’s not really a kit a Kx3 that is my main HF rig.

I thought I was really interested in the computer radio connection but wow when I see what you have done with the BITX and the manhattan build I’m thinking I want to build a rig that maybe I can run some JT65 or PSK31 on. I know what you mean about the Phone and SSB but right now stuck in the city of Chicago my antenna space is limited and i’m surrounded by power poles so I have a lot of noise no matter what I do.

One thing I need to talk to your buddy Pete as in the left over spare time I have, between work family and radio I’m trying to complete the BSC that I never did during my misspent youth. But I’m stuck at the final project. I need something that needs some code and could be written up as a research paper I keep thinking there has to be a radio project here somewhere.

Anyhow that’s enough I’m sure you get lots of people with their stories but I thought a little of what I encountered might be interesting. I really appreciate the podcast love all the personal stories combined with the tech talk. Keep up the good work. I’m looking forward to getting current.

Donald L. Gover KC9ZMY

P.S. I have woken up twice as of late thinking I heard a Gong followed by “Oooo That’s Awesome” Maybe I’m listening a little to much 🙂
P.P.S Again catching up on the podcasts though my podcast listening time is a little reduced as I bought your darn book that’s very interesting! But I wanted to make sure that I did inform the Knackers Union, whom I believe that Steve Snort Solder Smith is the enforcement officer that I had already constructed my 40m low pass from 4 state QRP. I have provided photographic evidence of it’s construction and promise not to QRP on 40M without it.

Hardware Hacking by Nicolas Collins


David Cowhig WA1LBP and I are the only two Foreign Service officers to have also been 73 Magazine “Hambassadors” (impressive, right?). David was covering Okinawa for 73 (and for Uncle Sam!) while I was doing the same in the Dominican Republic.

Today David sent me a link to the book “Hardware Hacking” by Nicolas Collins: http://www.nicolascollins.com/texts/originalhackingmanual.pdf

It is not exactly about ham radio, but there is a lot of electronic wisdom in Mr. Collins’ book. You folks will like it. I especially liked the hand-drawn schematics — this adds soul to the book.

Nicolas Collins is an interesting fellow. He is Profesor, Department of Sound, The School of the Art Institute of Chicago.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Collins

http://www.nicolascollins.com/read.htm

Ed Walker of “The Big Broadcast” at WAMU-FM

Ed Walker, the long-time host of “The Big Broadcast” on WAMU-FM in Washington DC passed away on Sunday night, a few hours after his final broadcast. I was a regular listener.
He obviously had an abiding love for radio. His obituary in the Washington Post notes:
Born blind, Mr. Walker grew up with radio as his constant companion from an early age. By age 8, he was operating a low-power radio transmitter in his family’s basement, beaming music to his neighbors’ houses down the block. He would go on to spend almost all of his adult life involved in the medium in some way, all of it on stations in Washington.
Wow, sounds like he had the Knack. I wonder if he ever had a ham radio license?

HB2HB! AC9JQ — N3FJZ on 40 with Homebrew Rigs

On Saturday October 24, Dean AC9JQ (Indiana) and Rick N3FJZ (Maryland) made contact on 40 meter SSB using Si5351/TIA BITX rigs. FB!:

Bill:

Dean and I made contact. We both were in and out most of the time, but conditions seemed to improve towards the end where I could understand Dean about 90%. Using the RST “by the book”, I would say he was a 33, 3 =(readable with some difficulty), and signal strength was 3=(weak), and based on what Dean was reporting, my signal back to him was the same – 33.

73 to you both.

Rick – N3FJZ.

HB2HB! AC9JQ and N2CQR Make Contact on 40 with Homebrew Rigs on Both Sides (with help from N3FJZ/HB)

This weekend brought another HB2HB (Homebrew to Homebrew) contact. We have been following with interest the 40 meter transceiver project of Dean, AC9JQ. Above you can watch a video of Dean’s rig in action before it went into the box. Earlier this month Dean achieved a remarkable “Double First” when he made his very first amateur radio contact. He was using his homebrew rig to do it. So his first contact was also his first homebrew contact. FB. More info on Dean’s rig and homebrew exploits can be seen here:
http://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/search?q=ac9jq

This week Dean got a decent 40 meter dipole up in the air. We arranged (via e-mail) to meet on 40 on Friday evening. We made contact, but conditions weren’t great. We tried again several times on Saturday, looking for open spots amidst the madness of the CQ WW DX contest. Rick N3FJZ joined us and also tried to make contact with Dean, but had no luck either. Daytime conditions didn’t allow for a good contact between Indiana and the Washington/Baltimore area where Rick and I are located.

Finally, last night after family obligations at both ends settled down, Dean and I found a relatively open frequency on 40 and made a good contact. A short snippet of it can be heard by clicking on the link below. Keep in mind that Dean was running about 2 watts to a dipole on 40 at night.

http://soldersmoke.com/HB2HBAC9JQ.mp3

Thanks Dean! Thanks Rick!

German Thermatron Homebrew

Michael DF2OK has been melting solder in Germany. Above is a short video of the first sounds made by an AC-1 replica he built. Michael notes: “Yeah, I love these old style radios. You can see nearly everything. 🙂 BTW: All without Arduino and other black boxes and chips!”
FB Michael.

During the AC-1 build Michael struggled with a bad tube. His discovery and resolution of the problem is presented in this video (understandable even to those who don’t speak German):

Finally, here is a nice video of Michael’s 40 meter regen receiver. Anyone who has built or worked with a regen will understand perfectly this video. Watch Michael tune in stations while adjusting the regeneration. Note his demonstration of the lack of hand capacitance. FB Michael! Thanks!

QST Error on Elecraft K3 Phase Noise Measurement CORRECTED

Wayne Burdick, N6KR, of Elecraft let us know that there was an error in the QST article about the KSYN3A Synthesizer Upgrade. The original graph in the QST article showed an improvement in phase noise at close-in frequencies, but it also showed a significant worsening of the phase noise beyond 10 kHz. THIS CHART WAS INCORRECT. The Upgrade does, in fact, improve the phase noise performance as shown in the corrected graph above. A corrected version of the article appears here:

Thanks for letting us know about this Wayne. We have long been big fans of Elecraft and are proud that a picture of your KX3 appears on all of our blog pages under the headline “One of the Best Receivers in the World.”

Pete and I will continue our study and discussion of phase noise; as synthesizers make their way into more and more of our hombrew rigs it is important for us to understand the significance of this parameter.

November 2015 QST — Wrist Radios, Phase Noise, and a 1958 BITX!

A Early BITX

I liked this issue. Highlights:
Page 30. Glen Popiel’s article on the Arduino.
Page 33. I know this may come as a surprise, but in spite of my admitted Ludite tendencies, I found the article on High-Speed Wireless Networking to be very intriguing.
Page 38. Hey! Mike Aiello N2HTT has an article about an Arduino-based CW recorder. FB Mike!
Page 54. Review of LNR LD-5 QRP Transceiver. “The LD-5 is actually an SDR in a box with switches and knobs…” They give a phase noise graph.
Page 58. Review of Synthesizer upgrade for the Elecraft K3. Uh-oh. Phase noise again. The review says the upgrade results in a reduction of phase noise, but the graphs seem to show an increase in transmitted phase noise on 20 meters as soon as you go 10 kHz from the transmit frequency. I guess this is a tradeoff for a larger decrease in close-in (less than 1 kHz spacing) phase noise? But if the objective on the transmit side is to deal with “a major problem with multiple operators in the same band segment in close proximity” resulting from transmitted phase noise, is this a good trade-off? Also, it would have been interesting to know if the reviewer could detect — by ear — any improvement in the received signal.

Wayne Burdick, N6KR, of Elecraft e-mailed us to let us know that there was an error in this QST article. The original graph in the article showed an improvement in phase noise at close-in frequencies, but it also showed a significant worsening of the phase noise beyond 10 kHz. THIS CHART WAS INCORRECT. The Upgrade does, in fact, improve the phase noise performance. A corrected version of the article appears here:

Here is the corrected graph:

Page 71. My nightmare. The WristRig. The Apple Watch on 40 meters. Sorry Steve, Dick Tracey did not have The Knack, and tackling the “Apple Watch challenge” is not an indication of “homebrew chops.” Software coding chops yes, but homebrewing is, for me, a different thing. (But, as we always say, too each his own… And thanks to Steve for the interesting article. )
Page 82. Ross Hull. Very interesting article, especially the part about OM Ross’s untimely death by electrocution.
Page 100. “The Cosmophones” by Joe Veras. Cool pictures (as always) from Joe. And I loved the first lines: “What in the world is a bilateral transceiver? Byron Goodman, W1DX, posed that question in his June 1958 QST review of the Cosmophone 35.” Wow, four months before my birth By Goodman was writing about BITXs in QST!

Homebrew Computers — REALLY Homebrew Computers


Hackaday has an article today that is, for me, very timely. In our last podcast, Pete and I were discussing the meaning of the word “homebrew” in the world of Software Defined Radio. As always, Pete was closer to the cutting edge, while I remain mired in Ludite (one D please!) curmudgeonism, committed to RADICAL FUNDAMENTALIST HOMEBREWING. No chips and no menus for me please.

Today, the Hackaday guys came to my rescue with a blast from the past. Homebrew computers! Not that simple “buy a mo-bo and plug in some boards” stuff. No, REAL homebrew, so HB that they even made their own components. 1968. I can dig it! I should have gone down this road. I had the C.L. Stong book “The Amateur Scientist” IN MY HANDS. It had some great articles about relay-based computers. I could have been rich!

http://hackaday.com/2015/10/19/diy-computer-1968-style/

HB2HB! N3FJZ-N2CQR Si5351 and BITX TIAs on Both Sides, with Some LBS and Peter Parker Circuitry Too!

In those dark days of February 2015, when all the members of the SDR ESSB Panoramic Spectral Police were on my case over some imperfections in my 40 meter homebrew SSB signal, Rick, N3FJZ came to my rescue by sending me a great YouTube video of his reception of my new rig. Rick was using a wonderful homebrew Direct Conversion receiver with a really cool PTO. Here is my blog post on Rick and his receiver:

Then, yesterday, I received this e-mail:

Bill, Pete,

I want to share my excitement with you.

After 32 years as a ham, I finally had my first ever HF QSO on October
16, 2015, and on a homebrew rig no less! Oh the Joy of Emission!It was on 7.242MHz, 8:00 a.m. eastern on the “Woodpecker net”.
– Rig was based on the Bitx, using ZIA bidirectional amps.
– 20 Watts into a 80 meter full-wave loop up at 20 feet.
– 600 ohm homebrew open wire ladder line.
– Balanced antenna coupler inspired by the Annecke and Johnson matchbox
units.
– and most importantly, the Arduino controller software and use of the
Nokia display were derived and inspired from Pete’s “Let’s Build
Something” code presented on his website, and the carrier
oscillator(BFO) & L.O. are generated by an Adafruit SI5351 clock
generator board. Thank you Pete.

See my N3FJZ look-up on QRZ.com for photos of my homebrew rig. I have
also put links to the SolderSmoke blog and to Pete’s web page and blog.

I just want to tell you both that your podcasts, websites, circuit
diagrams and stories were a huge part of my success. They were the
inspiration I needed on many dark days when my amplifiers would
oscillate, and my oscillators would simply smoke. At times I thought I
would never get on the air, but an hour listening to SolderSmoke podcast
would give me the drive venture on. Thank you!

***VERY IMPORTANT!!!!

Bill, during my first QSO, I was getting 5×8 and 5×9 signal reports
(with 20 watts!)from North Carolina, up-state New York, Michigan, and
Indiana, and I know we are only about 50 miles apart (I’m in north
central Maryland), so I believe we could probably achieve a successful
HB2HB contact if you want to try.

If you want to, and have the time, you could join me on the Woodpecker
net any Friday, Saturday or Sunday on 40 meters 7.242MHz 8:00 a.m.
eastern, or we could set-up a prearranged contact on a General class 40
meter frequency of your choosing. Let me know – making an HB2HB
contact with you would mean the world to me.

Pete, I also extend this invitation to you as well, but with only 20
watts on my end, it may be a stretch, but we could try.

Thank you both again for the joy you have given me with your pod-casts.
73
Rick – N3FJZ

……………..
Rick and I got together on 7.288 MHz yesterday evening. It was a really amazing QSO. Rick made a video of it (see above) and I recorded the audio on my side. My old tape recorder didn’t do Rick’s signal justice — it sounded better than this. But here is the full QSO:
Be sure to listen closely at around 21 minutes when Rick describes a software feature that allows him to switch — with the touch of a button — from high side VFO to low side VFO. The BFO frequency also changes to account for the resulting sideband inversion. Very cool.

Rick’s Digital Board

Ricks Rig as it was during our QSO
Crystal Filter

Rick’s Dual HEXFET Power Amplifier
Check out the N3FJZ QRZ.com page for more info.
CONGRATULATIONS TO RICK! 


SolderSmoke Podcast #181 Of Dongles and DX-100s — SDR vs. HDR, Music & Art, 2B, HB2HB, Noise, The Martian, VK3YE’s New Book

Two RTL SDR Dongles in front of a DX-100 Transmitter

 SolderSmoke Podcast #181 is available:

17 October 2015

— Our audience IGNORES Pete’s guitar intro!
— Pete on QSO Today Podcast.
— Part 97, The Radio Art and International Goodwill.
BENCH REPORTS:
— Pete connects his new beam to the KX3.
— Pete puts the Bell-thorn on 20.
— Simple-ceiver update.
— Pete’s new drum machine: http://makezine.com/2015/10/15/learn-electronics-worlds-oldest-drum-machine/
— Bill fights noise in the DIGI-TIA.
— Bill fights power-line noise (and wins!).
— Drake 2B, skirts, reduction drives, and tuning rates.
— Warming up (with!) the DX-100.

— N2CQR — N6QW First Ever HB2HB QSO.

— On 40 AM with an HT-37
— Listening to Chinese CubeSats.
— SDR Dongle as a bandwidth checker.

— SDR and the Future of Homebrew Radio.

— Bryan’s LBS Receiver.
— Dean’s First Ever QSO with his HB rig.

— 32 Mighty Mites Completed

— The Martian — Did Mark Watney REALLY have the Knack?

— MAILBAG:
Peter Parker’s New Book
Sparks from Ron Sparks
Armand’s 1Watter
Rogier’s pyro machine
BIG boxes from Tim KI6BGE
Mikele’s ZIA and N6QW rig collection
SPRAT 141 and SPRAT 164

SolderSmoke Podcast #181 Of Dongles and DX-100s — SDR vs. HDR, Music & Art, 2B, HB2HB, Noise, The Martian, VK3YE’s New Book

Two RTL SDR Dongles in front of a DX-100 Transmitter

 SolderSmoke Podcast #181 is available:

17 October 2015

— Our audience IGNORES Pete’s guitar intro!
— Pete on QSO Today Podcast.
— Part 97, The Radio Art and International Goodwill.
BENCH REPORTS:
— Pete connects his new beam to the KX3.
— Pete puts the Bell-thorn on 20.
— Simple-ceiver update.
— Pete’s new drum machine: http://makezine.com/2015/10/15/learn-electronics-worlds-oldest-drum-machine/
— Bill fights noise in the DIGI-TIA.
— Bill fights power-line noise (and wins!).
— Drake 2B, skirts, reduction drives, and tuning rates.
— Warming up (with!) the DX-100.

— N2CQR — N6QW First Ever HB2HB QSO.

— On 40 AM with an HT-37
— Listening to Chinese CubeSats.
— SDR Dongle as a bandwidth checker.

— SDR and the Future of Homebrew Radio.

— Bryan’s LBS Receiver.
— Dean’s First Ever QSO with his HB rig.

— 32 Mighty Mites Completed

— The Martian — Did Mark Watney REALLY have the Knack?

— MAILBAG:
Peter Parker’s New Book
Sparks from Ron Sparks
Armand’s 1Watter
Rogier’s pyro machine
BIG boxes from Tim KI6BGE
Mikele’s ZIA and N6QW rig collection
SPRAT 141 and SPRAT 164

A Message from South Africa

Hi Bill,
I am Pieter callsign ZS3AOR. I came upon your E-Book at Amazon and downloaded it to my Kindle and man, I really enjoyed reading about your endeavors with everything.
The way you explained for instance the inner workings of transistors and mixers and problems associated with it is really good.
Subsequently I downloaded the August Podcast and I am hooked with you and Pete.
Kind regards from the Namaqualand region of South Africa (Northern Cape Province)
Pieter ZS3AOR
Pieter’s Workbenches

HB2HB — Homebrew Rigs on Both Sides of the Contact


As I’ve been saying on the podcast, contacts in which both operators are using homebrew gear are increasingly rare, especially on SSB, and especially, it seems, in the USA. So let’s chronicle these rare events. I’ve started a Label here on the blog called HB2HB. Send me reports of good HB2HB contacts — recent or past — and I’ll try to get them onto the blog.

I’ve already described my recent QSO with Pete, N6QW. My second HB2HB from this location took place on 12 October 2015. I talked to Jeff GW3UZS in Cardiff, Wales on 17 meters. I was using my trusty BITX17. Jeff was running a much more sophisticated homebrew rig — see above. More details on Jeff’s beautiful rigs are on his QRZ.com page”

https://www.qrz.com/db/GW3UZS

So send in HB2HB reports. These contacts are almost in “endangered species” category — they deserve to be preserved!

A VERY Quiet Shack, 4850 Feet Below the Surface

Michael Rainey’s underground shack in Vermont is undeniably cool, but these folks have REALLY gone deep. They are almost a mile down, blocking out that nasty cosmic ray QRN, building sensitive detectors to QSO with some extremely elusive DX: DARK MATTER.

SEE IF YOU CAN SPOT THE TEK ‘SCOPE.

Wonderful video. Thanks to Ira Flatow and Science Friday.

Peter Parker’s New QRP Book

The wizard of Melbourne Beach, Peter Parker VK3YE, has written a book about QRP. Check it out here.

Peter is a true QRP guru. His Beach 40 transceiver is shaking the ether from locations around the world. I am really glad that he put that Melbourne dock on the cover. That dock has been the test site for many of Peter’s amazing creations. The railing has supported many great antennas. So many wonderful YouTube videos have been recorded there. There really should be a plaque or something…

Peter’s book is available as an e-book from Amazon. Details on how you can get it are here”
http://home.alphalink.com.au/~parkerp/miniqrp.htm

Thanks Peter for this important addition to the QRP literature.

Mikele’s Croatian Zia and the N6QW Cult

I was telling Pete that thousands of years from now, archeologists will be puzzled when they find, in many remote corners of the world, strange homebrew electronic devices with the symbol “N6QW” emblazoned on them. Who, they will ask, was the cult leader N6QW, and how did he get his followers to build these devices?

Thanks to the work of Mikele 9A3XZ, Croatia will surely be a major center for research into the N6QW cult. Check out Mikele’s video. Stick around for the full 6 minutes and you will see the many N6QW rigs that Mikele has built. FB Mikele! Keep up the good work!